Carisoprodol, sold under the brand name Soma, is a muscle relaxant that can be used for the treatment of muscle pain and spasms. [1] However, Soma can be addictive, so it’s only for short-term use and is prescribed with caution by medical professionals. It also has the potential to cause various side effects, some of which can be severe.
- Carisoprodol, or Soma, is a muscle relaxant drug that’s often used to help manage muscle pain and spasms.
- Carisoprodol has a high risk of addiction due to its sedating and euphoric effects.
- Carisoprodol can cause a range of possible side effects, including headaches, drowsiness, and seizures.
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Carisoprodol (Soma) and its uses
Caridoprodol has been in use since 1959 and is approved for alleviating a range of acute painful musculoskeletal conditions, including strains, sprains, and spasms. [1] It should only be used for a maximum of 2-3 weeks, as there is no evidence of long-term effectiveness, but the risk of addiction and dependence increases with longer use. [2] It’s designed to be used alongside physical therapy and other measures to help treat musculoskeletal problems. [1]
Common carisoprodol side effects
As with all medications, carisoprodol comes with a list of side effects that people should be aware of before beginning treatment. While not everyone will experience these effects, it’s important to understand what to expect and recognize when medical attention may be needed. The most common side effects are: [3]
- Dizziness. This can range from mild lightheadedness to more pronounced balance problems.
- Drowsiness. Often the most noticeable effect and can significantly impact daily activities.
- Headache. May occur as the body adjusts to the medication or may persist throughout treatment.
Due to drowsiness, care should be taken when driving a vehicle or operating machinery when taking carisoprodol. Consuming other substances that also cause drowsiness alongside carisoprodol, such as alcohol, should be avoided. Sometimes, people may experience other side effects that are not listed on the information leaflet. If this happens, it should be discussed with a medical professional.Â
Rarely, individuals may experience serious side effects, which are listed below.
Serious side effects and risks
While most people tolerate carisoprodol well, serious adverse reactions can occur that require immediate medical intervention. Examples of this include allergic reactions and seizures. [4] These severe side effects, though uncommon, can be life-threatening and should never be ignored. Urgent medical attention is needed if any of the following side effects are experienced:
- Airway swelling
- Lip, mouth, or tongue swelling
- Difficulty breathing
- Widespread rash
- High heart rate
- Loss of consciousness
- Muscle twitching, jerking, or other uncontrolled movements
- Confusion
In addition to side effects, the main risk of carisoprodol is addiction, with it becoming increasingly abused in recent years. [5] This is thought to be linked to meprobamate, the main metabolite of carisoprodol, which causes the sedating and euphoric effects that contribute to its recreational use. [5]
Special considerations for the elderly, pregnant women, & other risk groups
There are several groups in which carisoprodol must be used with great caution. In elderly patients, carisoprodol’s safety has not been fully established, but drowsiness and dizziness increase the risk of falls and subsequent injuries. [1]Â
Carisoprodol has been shown to have adverse effects on fetal growth and postnatal survival in animals; however, there is limited data from human studies. [1] This uncertainty means carisoprodol should only be used if the benefit to the pregnant person significantly outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. This is also the case for those who are breastfeeding. [1]
Carisoprodol should not be used in those under the age of 16. [1] Caution should be taken in those with serious underlying health issues, particularly with liver and kidney impairment. [1]
Risk of dependence and addiction
Carisoprodol carries a recognized risk of misuse, tolerance, and dependence, largely due to its sedating and euphoric effects. [5] Addiction can occur as a result of intentional recreational use or following an inappropriately long medical use. Its comparatively low price and ease of access make carisoprodol appealing for recreational users, and it is one of the most commonly abused prescription drugs in Northern California. [5]
Research has shown that carisoprodol has potential for tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal, which are the hallmarks of an addictive drug of abuse. [5] The rates of carisoprodol abuse are increasing throughout the U.S., and overdose has been linked to several fatalities, highlighting its risk when used recreationally. [5]Â
Carisoprodol withdrawal
Withdrawal from carisoprodol can occur in individuals who have developed physical dependence, whether through prescribed use or recreational abuse. Withdrawal symptoms typically begin within 12-48 hours after the last dose and can persist for several days to weeks. The severity and total length of withdrawal vary depending on the duration and intensity of use.
Symptoms of carisoprodol withdrawal include: [6]
- Nausea and vomiting
- Tremors and muscle twitching
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Agitation
- Hallucinations
- Memory loss
- Seizures
If you notice these symptoms after taking carisoprodol in yourself or someone you know, it’s important to speak to a medical professional, who can help with managing withdrawal symptoms. Medical supervision is strongly recommended during carisoprodol withdrawal, as abrupt discontinuation can be dangerous. Healthcare providers may implement a gradual tapering schedule to minimize withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of serious complications like seizures.Â
Drug interactions to watch out for
Carisoprodol does not have any interactions with food or drinks, but does have several interactions with medication. [4] It’s vital to tell your healthcare provider about any prescription or over-the-counter medications or supplements you take, so that they can check for any interactions. Some medication interactions with carisoprodol include: [4]
- Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam
- Opioids, such as morphine
- Several classes of antidepressant and antianxiety medication
It’s important to avoid alcohol and any other medications that can cause drowsiness while taking carisoprodol, as combined, this can cause excess sedation, which can be dangerous.
Patient tips: Minimizing side effects & recognizing warning signs
To minimize the side effects while taking carisoprodol, patients should take the medication exactly as prescribed and avoid exceeding the recommended dose or duration of treatment. The standard dose of carisoprodol is 250-350mg up to four times per day (including a bedtime dose), for a maximum of 2-3 weeks. [7]
People who are taking carisoprodol should be aware of the potential side effects listed above and obtain prompt medical attention if needed. Individuals should also be alert to signs of developing dependence, which include:
- Feeling unable to function without the medication
- Needing higher doses for the same effect
- Experiencing cravings for carisoprodol
If you start experiencing these signs, it’s important to have a discussion with your healthcare provider. To help reduce the risk of overdose, carisoprodol should be stored securely and out of reach of others, particularly children. Patients should never share their medication with others and should dispose of unused pills properly following FDA guidelines for safe disposal.
Getting help for carisoprodol misuse
Individuals struggling with carisoprodol misuse or addiction should seek professional help as soon as possible. Treatment typically begins with a medically supervised detoxification to safely manage withdrawal symptoms and prevent complications.Â
Individual treatment plans might consist of counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and support groups to help address the underlying factors contributing to carisoprodol abuse. It’s never too early to get help for carisoprodol misuse, and many insurance plans cover addiction treatment services.Â
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