Cannabigerol (CBG) is gaining attention in the world of cannabinoids for its promising health benefits and potential therapeutic applications, particularly in terms of pain, inflammation, and mental health. [1] Unlike its more famous relatives, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD), CBG is often called the “mother cannabinoid” because it’s the precursor to several other cannabinoids during the cannabis plant’s growth cycle.
But what exactly can CBG do, and is it safe? Here’s what the latest research says.
- CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neuroprotective potential, according to early studies.
- While generally considered safe, more research is needed to understand long-term side effects and its potential for drug interactions.
- CBG may hold promise in addiction recovery, anxiety management, and other conditions where conventional treatments fall short.
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Introduction to Cannabigerol (CBG)
CBG is a naturally occurring cannabinoid found in trace amounts in the cannabis plant. In its acidic form—cannabigerolic acid (CBGA)—it serves as the chemical precursor to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids.
As cannabis matures, CBGA is enzymatically converted into these compounds, leaving only small amounts of CBG in the final plant.
How it works: The science behind CBG
CBG interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), binding to both CB1 and CB2 receptors.
- CB1 receptors are primarily found in the brain and the peripheral nervous system. They are involved in sending messages from nerve to nerve, pain control, memory, metabolism, and the cardiovascular system. [2]
- CB2 receptors are mostly found in immune cells and bodily tissues. They have been shown to regulate immune responses, inflammatory processes, and neuroimmune interactions. [2]
According to research, CBG may influence neurotransmitter signaling, reduce inflammation, and even offer neuroprotective benefits by modulating the activity of specific receptors and enzymes, including 5-HT1A and TRP channels. [1]
How is it consumed?
CBG is typically consumed in oil or capsule form, but it’s also available in tinctures, vape cartridges, topicals, and flower strains bred to retain high concentrations of the cannabinoid. As it’s found in low concentrations in most cannabis strains, manufacturers often extract it from young plants or use specially cultivated CBG-dominant varieties.
Potential health benefits of CBG
Early research has demonstrated numerous potential health benefits of CBG. Below, we’ll explore the research behind these claims and uncover what conditions this cannabinoid may show promise in treating.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
Inflammation and oxidative stress are at the root of many diseases. Fortunately, studies have shown that CBG may have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, potentially helping to manage conditions like chronic pain, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and neuroinflammation. [3][4][5][6]
Research has also demonstrated that individuals who use CBG predominant strains reported their pain was “much improved,” and CBG was 74% more effective than traditional pharmacological treatments. [1]
Anti-cancer effects
CBG may be beneficial in treating certain types of cancer due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. [7] Its impacts on neuroinflammation have led to research into its potential therapeutic effects as an adjunctive treatment to glioblastoma, a deadly cancer of the brain. Based on multiple research findings, it may play a crucial role in destroying therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells, which are the root of cancer development and extremely resistant to various other treatments. [8][9]
It has shown similar promise in the treatment of melanoma, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, although further research is needed to determine its true therapeutic potential. [10][11][12]
Antibacterial properties
With the ever-growing development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it is crucial to find alternative treatments for these infections. Interestingly, CBG has shown potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and antibiotic-resistant strains like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In a recent review, CBG was highlighted as a promising compound for fighting drug-resistant pathogens like MRSA. [13]
Neuroprotective effects
Research suggests that CBG may offer neuroprotective effects through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system and other cellular pathways, particularly those linked to serotonin. In preclinical models, it has demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress and support neuronal survival. [14] It may also have neuroprotective properties in toxic and neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. [15][16][17][18]
Mental health support
CBG may help reduce anxiety, depression, and support mood regulation through its effects on serotonin receptors. [19] Although more studies in humans are needed, early animal research suggests anxiolytic effects without the psychoactive properties of THC.
According to one study, users reported that CBG was preferred over conventional medicine in 80% of individuals with depression and 78% of individuals with anxiety. [1] Other research found that CBG effectively reduced global feelings of anxiety and stress. [20]
Safety profile and side effects
Current research indicates that CBG is generally well tolerated, with minimal side effects. However, like many cannabinoids, it may interact with other medications by affecting cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play a role in drug metabolism. Reported side effects are typically mild and may include dry mouth, drowsiness, or appetite changes. [20]
Is CBG addictive?
Currently, there is no evidence that CBG is addictive. Like CBD, it does not produce a “high” or activate the brain’s reward system in the same way that THC does, making its abuse potential extremely low.
Individuals with substance abuse issues or cannabis use disorder should speak with their medical team before starting any new substances with the potential for abuse, no matter how minimal.
CBG vs. CBD: Understanding the differences
While both CBG and CBD are non-psychoactive and interact with the endocannabinoid system, they differ in their mechanisms of action and potential benefits. CBG has a stronger affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, whereas CBD largely works by modulating the ECS indirectly. This may make CBG more effective for certain conditions like bacterial infections or neurodegeneration, though more research is needed.
Legal status and regulation of CBG
CBG is legal in many parts of the United States because it falls under the USDA Farm Bill of 2018. This bill states that cannabinoids derived from hemp containing less than 0.3% THC are legal. [21]
However, its regulation is still evolving. Unlike CBD, which has FDA-approved medications like Epidiolex, CBG has yet to undergo extensive clinical trials and regulatory scrutiny. It is best to always check with local and federal laws to ensure the safe use of CBG.
Potential of CBG in addiction treatment and recovery
Because of CBG’s effects on reducing anxiety, depression, and regulating mood, it is possible that it may have a role in substance abuse treatment and recovery. Common symptoms associated with substance abuse withdrawal often include anxiety, depression, and alterations in mood, meaning CBG may have therapeutic effects in this area.
Additionally, there is a great deal of research on the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) to treat substance abuse disorders through its ability to reduce cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and relapse. [22] Due to CBG’s similar structure, non-psychoactive properties, and effects on the ECS, it may also prove to be a promising adjunctive treatment for addiction disorder.
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